浅谈高三学生如何突破英语阅读理解题
长汀一中 李培河
阅读理解不仅现在即使将来，也是英语学习中和中国人接触外语的最主要途径。因此，在各级各类考试中，对阅读理解的测试始终是重点。阅读理解的测试要点如下：
1、理解主旨大意；
2、寻读具体信息；
3、理解细节；
4、根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解；
5、简单的判断和理解；
6、理解文段的基本逻辑结构；
7、理解作者的意图和态度；
8、理解文段的文化信息；
9、理解图表信息；
10、理解指代关系；
基于上述测试要点，作为一个高中毕业生，在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能，这样才能获取和处理信息。
1、略读；
2、找读；
3、预测下文；
4、理解大意；
5、分清文章中的事实和观点；
6、猜测词义；
7、推理判断；
8、了解重点细节；
9、理解文章结构；
10、理解图表信息；
11、理解指代关系；
12、理解逻辑关系；
13、理解作者意图；
14、评价阅读内容。
从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问：
1.What is the purpose of the text?
2.What can be inferred from the passage?
3.What does the author mainly tell us about in the passage?
4.What ca we infer from the passage?
5.It can be concluded from the text that ?
6.What can we learn from the text?
7.What is the general idea//main idea of the text?
8.The passage mainly focuses on ?
9.What is the main subject discussed in the text?
10.It can be inferred from the passage that ?
11.It can be inferred from the that the author seems to ?
12.What is the best title of the text//for the article?
13.The best title for this passage is?
14.What can we infer from the last//the first two paragraphs?
15.The meaning of of the word//sentence in Paragraph X is related to ?
16.In Paragraph X, “X X X” can be replaced by ?
17.The underlined word “X”//sentence in Paragraph X Probably mean .
18.The text is mainly written to explain .
19.Which of the following statements is true?
20.Which of the following is NOT metioned in the text?
作为一名高三毕业生，如果真正作好上边所有各项，就应当做好下面所有要求：
1、学会使用3300个左右的单词和400—500个习惯用语或固定搭配、400—500个合成词与派生词；目前阶段至少掌握2000个以上单词；
2、除教材外，课外阅读量应累积达到30万词以上，换言之，长度300词左右的文段1000篇；
3、能通过分析句子的结构理解难句和长句；（能理解语言结构有一定难度或有一定新语言现象的文段）
4、能根据阅读目的和文段的不同，调整阅读速度和阅读方法，阅读速度每分钟70—80词。
为了在高考中取得相对理想的成绩，师生必须十分关注阅读，并把阅读当成每天生活内容的一部分。带着兴趣阅读英语，并且在阅读中增加兴趣。怎样做才能有阅读的兴趣？每天读你感兴趣的短文，一般情况下男生热心体育，那么体育新闻、著名体育运动员的兴趣爱好内容的文章男生很可能更愿意阅读；女生对涉及歌星、影星之类信息或许较为感兴趣，那么这方面的文段有可能吸引她们。其他一般知识性小短文无论是哪类同学，都会感兴趣。当你读这类文章时，切记不要做题。阅读的目的在于培养兴趣形成语感、扩大视野、稳定词汇保有量。当前，相当多的同学对英语不感兴趣，很大程度是因做理解题所致。然而，不做题并不意味不思不想，当你读完一篇后，最好掩卷而思，默想一下这篇短文都讲了什么内容，你明白了什么。让文章以整篇的形式浮现在你的脑海中。这样，就不会是一句句的单个句意或只记住最后一两句的意思，而无法形成篇章意识。这种阅读方法在冲刺阶段极为重要，对兴趣和能力的提高作用明显！
除了上述的泛读外，每天还应根据高考的需求进行针对性阅读。具体做法是，阅读一至二篇有阅读理解题的文段，每篇时间控制在5—7分钟。阅读步骤：先对文章作一体裁定位，说明文、论说文、叙述文、说明、广告或是识图？
根据历年考试的情况看，说明文、论说文的文长基本控制在300词左右。因此，文章的主旨大意多出现在第一段，甚至第一段的前几句，最后一段多与第一段呼应；至于中间的部分，多是论据或说明文的展开部。阅读理解的问题也多是：
1.What is the best title for//of the passage?
2.What can be inferred from the passage?
3.What does the author mainly tell us about in the text?
4.What is mainly discussed in the article//passage//text?之类的问题。
做答这类问题时，将阅读重点放在首尾部分，中间的部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式，一则省时间，二则目标明确，正答率自然也相应提高了。
示例：2004年全国卷Ⅱ，C篇，介绍1971年版大众车。根据内容，是一篇说明小文。
It’s not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But in the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can’t: run on solar energy-energy from the sun’s light and heat!
66.What would be the best title for the text?
A.The Making of Helios
B.1999 American Tour on the Road
C.Sun-powered Cars on the road
D.Use of Green Cars in Connection
叙述文，包括人或事，由于文字较为浅显，广大同学总以为很容易，因此很少有人认真阅读。其实，这类文章因其叙述没有很生僻的语言和内容才应细一些阅读，提问往往是细节内容或理解内容。比如，时间、地点或人物间关系排序，划出一句话说出其含义等。很多同学遇到此类文章时往往不能稍细一些阅读，结果在做题时不能发现关键信息点，不仅耗去时间，还常常出错。
示例：2004年全国卷Ⅰ中B篇的几个问题就属于细节和细节理解题。
60.The Taj Mahal was first built as .
A.a prison B.a gift to Mumtuz
C.a memorial D.a tourist attraction
61.We learn from the text that Mumtaz probably died in .
A.1626 B.1632 C.1634 D.1653
62.The underlined word “happiness” in the last sentence frfers to .
A. the married happiness of the emperor and his wife
B. the great pleasure Jehan once found in exercising his power
C. the happiness Jehan felt on completing the Taj Mahal
D. the pleasure thourists experience when visiting the Taj Mahal
再比如：高三课本第八单元后面的完形练习中，在谈到麦克听到园长推介工作时，有如下文字：
On hearing this, Mkie got angry and shouted: “You want me to take the place of a monkey. Take his place yourself ! You look more like a monkey than I do.”
“Don’t’ be angry like that, young man. I know you are not like a monkey. But we just dress you up.”
对于上段文字的意思，稍具英语常识的人们都不会理解错。但是，绝大部分考生误以为划线部分的含义是“你看起来比我更象猴。”分析原因，一则读文时记住后边忘掉前边，换言之，阅读方法不对；二则没有将语文老师分析篇章的方法有机地运用到英语叙事文中来。上文中与下文的“别生气，小伙子，我知道你不象猴，我们只不过给你化装而已。”是有机的合成体，不应断开。由此我们能够看出，大凡考题中划线理解题，题面的意思与其真实含义不会一样，试想，天下哪有掉馅饼的道理！
对于广告类文章及题目，最好的办法是能对号入座，即看题找文作决断。从历年情况分析，凡错误率高的题基本上是由于同学认真不够所致。
广大同学必须做到每天阅读5篇短文，从中选一篇容易者做认真细致阅读，步骤如下：
1、大声朗读（八大要素缺一不可语音语调重读弱读连读停顿失去爆破轻辅音弱化）；
A) Cook ordered his crew to throw over the side of the ship guns, chains, iron-balls and even the stores to raise the ship in the water.
B) Mike appeared to be calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly.
C) Outside the hotel stood two men.
D) We’ll use what we have to buy you a necklace.
E) Half an hour later.
2、找出需要记的词组、短语：
keep an office pet, make sure both their co-workers and the cats were comfortable, be troublesome,
3、发现并找出起着承上启下作用的连接词、过渡句：
Even when a man is said to be a best friend, the two share little about their innermost fellings. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage.
4、凡是长句或较为复杂的句子试用中文讲明白：
Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work, a move scientists say can be good for productivity, workplace moral(士气), and the well-being of animals.(Nat.I A)
There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,5 30-mile border between Canada and the US- which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings.(34)
As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US fter attending church in Canada, as usual. (28) The US customs station in this ara is closed on Sundays, so he just drove around the olcked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last Mary, following a tightening of border security.(37)
5、好的文段力争背诵。
高三第三册11单元TICKET TO SUCCESS
In the final year at thigh school, Li Yonghong knew that a career at university was not for her…
Looking back, she congratulates herself on this decision…
高三15单元DENIM JEANS
It is the weekend! Time to have fun and relax, and time for young people to take off their school uniform and put on their favourite casual clothes.（便服）…
我想，通过以上的方法，坚持不懈的努力，定能在高考中取的好成绩。
